Innovation: The Key to Achieve Organizational Sustainability Essay

Introduction Currently, the theory of sustainability has gained an international popularity not only in the more macro social and ecological level, but also in the relatively micro organizational level. To be more specific, now it has become the primary goal of an organization to sustain a healthy and long-term development, or sustainable development. The role of innovation in the organizational sustainability, however, is not yet decided partly because that the notion of innovation is so elusive (Elke & Bos-Brouwers 2010). After a wide literature survey, in this essay it attempts to put forth and prove the hypothesis that innovation is the key to realize organization sustainability. Organizational Sustainability and Innovation? As pointed out in the research book by Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2006), corporation has been the fundamental cell of modern economic life as it brings people such a huge physical wealth that is unthinkable for the generations before. The importance of corporation, however, leads to the question of how to maintain a sustainable development of corporation in order to achieve the sustainability of human society and the plant. This is called corporation sustainability or organizational sustainability. Accordingly, one can see that in the literary sense, organizational sustainability is a sustainable and healthy development and maintenance of the organization to fulfill its goal to provide its members the financial returns and other kinds of outcomes in the long run. However, it is just one part of organizational sustainability. From a more profound perspective, it has the sustainability of human society and the plant as its ultimate goal. Human beings are living in this earth for quite a long time and will continue to live in this plant; therefore, it is important to study the approaches to a sustainable development. Someone also link the organizational sustainability with enterprise social responsibility. The two terms coincide in the point that they are both meant for a long-term development for the organization and human beings as well. Innovation, nevertheless, is much more elusive to define that organizational sustainability. Based on the broad survey, it is summarized that there are  at least the following two indispensible aspects in the notion of innovation. For one thing, innovation is the concept of innovative thinking. It is deeply rooted in the members of an organization and reflected by the organizational culture. In the innovative culture, the opinions from multicultural backgrounds are welcomed and respected. For another thing, innovation also refers to the methods to bring about new and creative organizational changes through innovative methods, such as technological innovation or institutional innovation. By adopting the innovative methods, it is possible to bring a significant change to an organization. Theoretical Perspective To realize the primary importance of innovation of innovation in organizational sustainability, one has to find out the inherent link between them. Organizational sustainability is nothing like the previous production mode which puts extreme and even solo emphasis on the short-term and economic gains in an organization. It is aimed at a comprehensive development of economic returns, social welfare, ecological impact, and human development. The essence in this new mode of organization development lies in creative change or a fundamental change to the old-fashioned one. Therefore, the theoretical reasoning will be conducted from two aspects—innovative mindset and innovation method. Innovative mindset, or innovative thinking, is of a vital importance for the possibility of organizational sustainability. As pointed out by Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2006), because of the unsustainability of some traditional organizational values and forms, one cannot achieve the sustainability of society and the plant if they are not significantly reshaped. It is echoed from the research result by Weiss and Legrand (2011), who also conclude that to foster innovative thinking, or embrace a culture of innovation, is the key to ensure the implementation of sustainable measures in an organization. It is because sustainability approach is such a newly emerged organizational practice that one has to be spiritually innovative to accept this new idea. In the second place, sustainability in an organization is equally impossible  when no innovative methods can be put forth. It is true that the organization members should be of an innovative mindset. However, it is also important to work out measures to bring a highly efficient production while at the same time bring benefits to the society, such as technological process (Elke & Bos-Brouwers 2010). In this case, the embrace of multi-culture values is of great importance (Florea Cheung and Herndon 2013). New and innovative methods will come up when different or contrasting ideas are presented for discussion. In addition, apart from technological innovation, the institutional innovation can also result in organizational sustainability. An institutional arrangement that encourages the sustainability of an organization will definitely stimulate the members in it to make the best of their individual efforts to realize this goal. Empirical Approach The inherent link between innovation and organizational sustainability has been revealed in the above theoretical perspective. It is equally important to discuss this issue from an empirical approach. According to the research by Center for Sustainability Organization (n.d.), there has come out the research focus on Context-Based Sustainability, which interprets organizational performance not only from the economic perspective, but also relates it to social and ecological thresholds. It is also coincides to the discussion about organizational sustainability in the first part. And it is also directly linked to the organizational practices taken by Coca cola, who intends to realize the sustainability of the organization. In the Sustainability Innovation Summit held by Coca Cola Enterprise (2013), measures to achieve organizational sustainability are heatedly debated by delegates from scholars, entrepreneurs and government officials. In the end, conclusions have been reached that it is important to â€Å"embrace disruptive approaches through innovation, collaboration and technology.† The approaches to be adopted are disruptive because they are not at all similar to those before. Or rather, one might call them innovative methods. However, in order to take these disruptive approaches, it is important to embrace innovation and technology. Technology is the result of innovation, to some extent, because there is no technological breakthrough without innovation. That is  to say, innovation is the key in taking the disruptive approaches. And these approaches are for the purpose of organizational sustainability. It becomes clear that innovation plays such a key role in the realization of sustainabili ty for an organization. Conclusion Nowadays, the management of change has become one of the primary tasks for the leaders in an organization, because of the rapid change in economic climate and theoretical innovation in management. The concept of organizational sustainability, however, is also one of the major theoretical challenges to the previous out-of-mode organizational practices. It not only focuses on the short-term and economic outcomes from an organization, but also extends to the social welfare and individual benefits provided by the organization. Such a contrast to the old practices, it is important to realize the importance of innovation and make the best of it to realize the sustainability of an organization. Specifically speaking, on one hand, it is necessary to foster an innovative thinking among the members of the organization; on the other hand, it is also essential to work out innovative methods to realize the goal of organization sustainability. References Center for Sustainability Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved Apr. 9th, 2014, http://www.sustainablelifemedia.com/events/sb14/program/workshops Coca Cola Enterprise. (2013). â€Å"Sustainability Innovation Summit explores how organizations can think differently to drive the next era of sustainable business.† updated Oct. 11th, 2013, retrieved Apr. 9th, 2014, http://www.cokecce.com/news-and-events/news/sustainability-innovation-summit-explores-how-organizations-can-think-differently-to-drive-the-next-era-of-sustainable-business-video-and-summary Dunphy D., Griffiths A. and Benn S. (2006). â€Å"Organizational change for corporate sustainability.† Retrieved from Routledge Talor & Francis Group, Apr. 9, 2014, http://www.sustenn.com/files/user_files/25_Frederic_Laloux/dunphyorganization al-change-for-corporate-sustainability.pdf Elke H. and Bos-Brouwers J. (2010). â€Å"Corporate sustainability and innovation in SMEs: evidence of themes and activities in practice.† Business Strategy and the Environment (retrieved from Database Wiley), Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 417–435 Florea L., Cheung Y., and Herndon N. (2013). â€Å"For all good reasons: role of values in organizational sustainability.† Journal of Business Ethics(retrieved from Database Jstor), Vol. 114, No. 3 (May 2013), pp. 393-408 Weiss D. and Legrand C. (2011). Innovative Intelligence: The Art and Practice of Leading Sustainable Innovation in Your Organization. John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd., Ontario.

Gentrification, the Issue of Today Life

Ever since the 1960s, there has been an influx of high-income populations moving into urban areas from the suburbs. This phenomenon was coined ‘gentrification’ by sociologist Ruth Glass in 1964 to describe â€Å"the movement of upscale (mostly white) setters into rundown (mostly minority) neighborhoods† (Hampson). Proposition 555 has stated that in order to increase government funding and provide citizens a better life with a cleaner environment and safer community, the process of gentrification would require the destruction of some old and unsafe houses. Since then, this policy has received mixed reception from all walks of life.Protagonists, on one side, consider gentrification as the solution to current hard urban issues. Antagonists, on the other side, believe that it causes severe poor-displacement. Debates seem to be endless, yet the whole society is changing due to the great impact of gentrification: luxury condos replacing once deteriorating houses, street s becoming cleaner, and crime rates declining significantly, thus, consolidating my strong support for Proposition 555. To begin with, the first and foremost upside of gentrification is economic improvements in the neighborhood because it boosts up the use of urban land and attracts more business investments.Brooklyn and the Bronx, two of the five boroughs of New York City, are two typical examples. Urban renewal in Brooklyn, also known as ‘brownstoning’, has encouraged a huge wave of investment: $300 million from the city and $3. 5 billion from private investors (Browdie). While the former has been invested in Brooklyn Bridge Park’s construction, the latter has yielded â€Å"7. 8 million square feet of new residential, retail and commercial space, including 26 apartment complexes, four hotels, and a glassy shopping complex† (Browdie).In regards to the Bronx, the gentrifying process has brought to the region a new appearance. The notorious neighborhood, wh ich used to be considered off limits to investors due to commercial waste, crimes, and violence, has become â€Å"a diamond in the rough, being discovered† (Magistro). Today, the Bronx has numerous remarkable attractions like the Bronx Zoo—one of the world’s largest metropolitan zoos, the New York Botanical Garden, Wave Hill, excellent subway service, retail strip malls, and affluent bedroom communities (Magistro).In South Bronx, Majora Carter, a famous urban revitalization strategist says that the removal of Sheridan Expressway and construction of Lafayette Avenue has made this area appeal to stakeholders for parkland, affordable housing and local economic development (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). Once urban land is in use, it signals huge economic improvements, especially in the tourism industry, job developments, and real estate. Recent studies conducted by Rutgers University have found that in New Jersey, historic preservation, part of the state gent rification policies, has significantly profited the state’s tourism.Besides 2,316 jobs created annually in this industry, New Jersey has earned $15 million in state and local taxes, $16 million in GDP, and $432 million for the economy (Listokin and Lahr). Moreover, in restructured neighborhoods, new projects associated with job training have emerged to meet the investors’ demands. For example, the South Bronx community is running the Bronx Ecological Stewardship Training project to â€Å"seed the area with green collar jobs† in the fields of ecological restorations so that its people will be qualified for these well-paying jobs (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto).As a result of being employed, a person gains a greater opportunity of sustainable income and will tend to purchase a house to settle into family life. In other words, gentrification is an impetus to the local economy because it stimulates the use of urban lands, opens more job opportunities, and encou rages real estate. Along with economic improvements, a great number of social achievements have been accomplished due to gentrification, especially in community-safety increase. Prior to redevelopment, low-income areas had to cope with a lot of crimes and violence such as gang shootings, drugs dealings and prostitution.However, gentrification has improved the people’s safety significantly. For example, according to Betty Baye, a columnist of The Courier-Journal in Louisville, Kentucky, New York was once appalled by a Dominican group of gangsters named Jheri Curls: They traded tons of cocaine and shot anyone complaining about their illegal business. She calls gentrification as â€Å"a new gang in town,† ousting the Jheri Curl from their old stomping grounds. The openings of â€Å"amenities as river views, parks, large rooms and convenience to public transportation [†¦have replaced†¦ grand old buildings that long were the domain of poor folks on rent control, buildings that are being reborn as luxury co-ops and condos,† Baye explains. Sharing her views, researchers from the Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, add that the building of new amenities prevents up to 45 percent of homicides and another 60 percent of robberies (Papachristos, Smith, Scherer, and Fugiero 225). Accordingly, gentrifying the neighborhoods helps lessen crimes, providing their residents with a safer community.In addition to economic and social achievements, gentrification also brings environmental justice to the redeveloped neighborhoods. Prior to renewal, people living around these areas encountered many health problems because of pollution and contamination issues that accumulated for many years. South Bronx, for example, used to be a location for the city’s commercial waste in sewage treatment and the food industry’s byproducts. Carter says a black person has a greater chance of being forced to live in an air-polluted area or within a walking distance of chemical facility in comparison with a white person (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto).As a result, diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and asthma have plagued the community for many years and damaged the future generation (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). In other words, in non-gentrified neighborhoods, along with economic and social degradation, environmental injustice also drives these communities into even worse situations. However, once gentrification policies are implemented, the people’s health can greatly improve: air gets cleaner, water turns fresher and the environment becomes healthier and greener.In South Bronx, its inhabitants witnessed the inauguration of Hunts Point Riverside Park, the first waterfront park that the community had had in more than 60 years (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). Therefore, it is understandable that gentrification provides a boost to environmental quality. Advocates of anti-gentrification usually argue that urban renewal is a one-sided benefit—profiting the white while harming the poor. Nonetheless, studies conducted by Lance Freeman, an assistant professor of urban planning at Columbia University, suggest that there is merely a slight connection between urban renewal and displacement (Hampson).He says that in gentrified neighborhoods, the chance of a poor being dislocated is only 0. 5% greater in comparison with a non-gentrified one (Hampson). Freeman believes that â€Å"although higher costs sometimes force poor residents to leave gentrif[ied] neighborhoods, other changes—more jobs, safer streets, better trash pickup—encourage them to stay† (Hampson). Besides coming to the same conclusion, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and Duke University, also show that black householders with high school degrees account for 33% f the total neighborhood income, 13% greater than that of white householders (Kiviat). In conclusion, as urban p lanner Duany says, gentrification has proved to be â€Å"the rising tide that lifts all boats† because it provides an effective solution to the economy, social issues, as well as environmental justice that benefit all social classes. However, there are always two sides of a coin, and the story of gentrification is not an exception. The biggest issue of gentrification, as many antagonists believe, is the poor displacement.It is obvious that as a city is redeveloped and attracts more investors, housing prices will soar, making it difficult for old residents to manage to get by. Research conducted by Newman and Wyly of the Centre for Urban and Community Studies shows that residents of a gentrified city, especially seniors, find it hard to live when housing prices increase while their incomes stay (4). In the long run, this produces â€Å"exclusionary displacement,† â€Å"a process in which neighborhoods become off-limits, forcing lower-income residents to look elsewhere for housing† (1, 2).Adding to the housing burdens, other negative elements such as landlord harassment, evictions, and daily expenses drive former inhabitants out of their neighborhoods. So what is the solution to the problem? To answer this question, it is worthwhile to first acknowledge that gentrification is a natural process, meaning there is no way to stand against it, especially on the poor side. Sadly speaking, gentrification remains a dirty word to some people as it sounds—its origin dates back from the word â€Å"gentry,† meaning a â€Å"noble person. Baye explains that gentrification â€Å"may seem to some as nothing but the inevitable circle of life† because many of the upper settlers (mostly white) claim that those gentrified neighborhoods are their â€Å"rightful inheritance,† left for the colored by their predecessors as they fled to the suburbs. Looking negatively at urban renewal, it benefits the white folks; they have money, and th us, have the rights to demand higher services. Looking positively at urban renewal, these folks are doing good things after all, â€Å"for there is nothing more unhealthy for a city than a monoculture of poverty† (Duany).This leaves the only question: Can we gentrify the right way? Fortunately, there are numerous solutions that have been proposed by strategists, urban planners and experts in the field. To solve housing problem, New York has built a shelter system to support displaced residents (Newman and Wyly). Moreover, Duany insists that in order to avoid overpricing, urban renewal needs to be built as a long-term policy, tested and modified many times to fit the particular neighborhood so that it doesn’t negatively affect the community.Carter has come up with a model called the triple bottom line that seems to be a solution for the long run. She explains that her model can produce sustainable development because it â€Å"has the potential to create positive return s from all concerned: developers, government and the community where [the] projects go up† (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto). In addition, I propose the use of government power on taxing: The local government can weigh the impact of gentrification through data, statistics and surveys so that it can modify the tax base imposed on every household.No matter what solutions are proposed, there seems to be a general consensus among experts about the role of government: It can act as a peace broker to reconcile any hostility provoked by the misunderstanding between the rich and the poor. In summary, Proposition 555, whose process is to rebuild the old, unsafe towns and cities, is a good process for neighborhood residents who want to have better lives. Although gentrification sometime causes the poor to be displaced due to housing burdens and expenses, its benefits assist in solving urban issues.It provides a stimulus to the economy through the use of urban lands for business purpo ses, a safer society by clearing gang violence and a healthier environment by building public parks. To overcome its downsides, a number of useful and practical ideas have been brought about by many experts, ranging from shelter systems and tax modification to government regulation. The fight in favor of urban renewal, as Carter says, is the fight that â€Å"we have nothing to lose and everything to gain† (Majora Carter: Greening the Ghetto).

A Comparative Analysis Of Robert Brownings Poem My Last Duchess And W. H. Audens Musee Des Beaux Arts

A Comparative Analysis Of Robert Browning's Poem My Last Duchess And W. H. Auden's Musee Des Beaux Arts World Without Love The Poems My Last Duchess by Robert Browning and Musee des Beaux Arts by W.H. Auden describes how people dont care about each other and that world is cruel. In My Last Duchess the guy is talking the messenger from the duchess about how he killed his wife and was happy about it, whereas in Musee des Beaux Arts the kid is dying in water but his father or not even the people in the ship care about him, they just let him drown in the water and lastly the poem The Sick Rose by William Blake has perfect metaphor reflecting the behavior and feeling of a human being by comparing love to an invisible worm, which destroys people lives. This three poem reflects people just dont care about each other and people have lost the meaning of love. In My Last Duchess the guy is describing to his how he killed his ex-wife and that he was happy about it. He liked a girl and girl was beautiful and young. She liked to flirt around and liked everything in this world. She liked all men and women. She smiles at everyone and like everyone around her. She smiled at the guy too but he is not happy about it because he thinks that she is his woman and she should not look at anyone else except him. Even the guy said to the messenger that, Willt Please you sit and look at her? (Browning 550), which shows she was beautiful and ones eyes would just stare at her for a long time. He also said, Her mantle laps Over my Ladys wrist too much, or Paint Must never hope to reproduce the faint Half-flush that dies along her throat which shows she was courteous, disciplined and beautiful. She had a good heart, which loved everyone and made everyone glad but the author did not like the fact she considers everyone same as him and that she does not pay more attention to him than others. The author also gave her a gift but she considered all the gifts as the same and did not differentiate between a bad and a good gift. In other she did not care about authors feeling and the love that author had for her. The author says, Just this Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss, Or there you exceed the mark (Browning 550) which represents that she treats everyone equal and did not give more importance to author. She considers author as one of nine hundred men that she likes. And after a while she passed the author without a smile, and that offended author because he really liked her and she did not cared about him. The guy was angry with the lady and he commanded his men to kill her to show his power over the lady. The guy says, I gave commands; Then all the smiles stopped together. (Browning 550) this shows that the author proved his power over the lady by killing her. The guy wants her command over the lady so he killed her and now he is regretting for his deeds. And now he asks the lady in the picture to come back to him. He says, Willt please your rise?(Browning 550) this shows the guy cares from her now, after she is dead. This whole scenario reflects that people dont care about each other. The duchess loved everyone but the guy wanted her but did not achieve her so he killed her. This is a selfish and cruel world we live in. People just dont understand the feeling and the type of relationship that the other person is trying to follow. On the other hand the poem Musee des Beaux Arts shows that people around the world dont care about each other even if the person is dying. The kids father made him a like wings out wax so he could fly but he warned him by saying not to fly near sun or near water, but the kid flew near the ocean water and the wax melted and the kid fell into the ocean and was drowning. Although the kid was drowning nobody was even trying to help him save. His father was busy ploughing the field he did not care either. The sheep were grazing; the dog was scratching himself on a tree; the sailor was sailing his ship he did not want himself to get wet and did not want water on his expensive ship. Everyone around there was selfish and nobody cared about the kids drowning. The author says, and, the delicate ship that must have seen Something amazing, a boy falling out off the sky, Had somewhere to go to and sailed calmly on. (Auden 592) this shows nobody cares about the boy in the water. The author also says, Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry, But for him it was not an important failure. (Auden 592) this reflect the ploughman did care about the boy just because it was not important to him; it was not a great failure or loss to the ploughman. Nobody understands the meaning of humanity or mankind towards his or her fellow beings. This poem reflects that people love and talk to each other only for their own interest and not for being generous or helpful. The most amazing thing about this poem is people are following their daily routine and a boy is drowning in the ocean and nobody cares about it. This is utmost disturbing situation. People have lost the meaning of humanity and mankind. The people in the whole scenario as described by Auden reflects that people are just dully walking away doing their daily business and they assume that nothing is happening around them as if it is just a normal day and its normal for a kid to drown in water. This is the most dreadful scene. And lastly the poem The Sick Rose by William Blake describes people have lost the meaning of love making them selfish and cold-hearted people. Blake says, And his dark secret love Does thy life destroy(Blake, 539), which show love is an evil thing and could destroy ones life. He also says, O, Rose, thou art sick! The invisible worm That flies in the night (Blake, 539), which reflects that people have lost he meaning of love and have become cold hearted. Love is compared to a sick rose and our love for others have become sick and weak. And in terms of feeling, we absolutely have no love and even if we do, it is for some selfish purpose thats why Blake calls love a sick rose. Love is like an evil spirit that in a howling storm destroying everything that comes in its way. Thus Blake reflects through this poem that everyone in the world is cold-hearted and nobody cares about each other. According to me, all of these three poems reflect as to how people have become selfish and cold hearted for their own interests. In My Last Duchess the guy is crazy and kills the duchess just prove his power but fails to reflect care, compassion and love for human being; also in Musee des Beaux Arts the kids father, the sailor and even the people around him do not care about he kids drowning. Everyone is doing their work as if nothing is happening there and lastly The Sick Rose which reflects how love has lost its meaning and people have destroyed their lives without love and compassion. Thus according to me all the people in the world are selfish and dont care about other peoples feeling and dont have affection toward them

Aging Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aging Theories - Assignment Example The medical implication of old age is despair and unease resulting to high vulnerability to diseases (Miller 2009). Effectiveness of medication is achieved when individuals accept their health situations. It is implicit that the desperation that comes with old age lowers the resolve to live and disengages the unconvinced older individuals from the society (Alexander 2009). The trickledown effect of failure to accept the signs of old age exacerbates the susceptibility to infections. Nursing advice importantly empowers the old to remain socially active and engaged within the societal activities. Aging is a state of mind when individuals become nostalgic of their past, become less economically productive and disengaged from the active societal activities. The interplay of age determinants results in increased desperation and hopelessness. Hopelessness and desperation results in the survival battle for at old age due to the inescapability of death (Alexander 2009). The administration of medication to the aging individuals has to serve to re-engage the old with the society and at the same time alleviate their ailments. Dual practice of nursing involving the social reunion of the disengaged aged patients and the psychological support to foster the effectiveness of medication causes a challenge to the nursing

Mental Health Training for UK Crown Prosecution Lawyers Article

Mental Health Training for UK Crown Prosecution Lawyers - Article Example In order for the Crown Prosecution lawyer to achieve this objective, first, they need to be able to understand and emphasize with their client themselves. - Anna Bird, states that â€Å"MIND believes that CPS does not provide sufficient  training about mental health for prosecutors to make consistently good decisions concerning mental health and credibility. We understand that prosecutors-indeed all lawyers- receive no mental health awareness training at all. Given the strength of the association between distress and not being believed, it is cited that all justice professionals understand the relationship between credibility and mental health in order to ensure equal access to justice† (Bird, 2008). - Countless offenders, chiefly those with a record of persistent offending, have mental health problems that may be correlated to their offending behavior pattern. Additionally, this population of persistent offenders with mental health problems are disproportionally higher than those reported in the general offender population. Often they are also associated with ‘issues of drug and/or alcohol misuse and social exclusion’ (Lewis, 2007, p.1). -Help to identify links between mental health problems and persistent offending, this will lead to a reduction in persistent offending, and in addition help to develop prevention programmes aimed at persistent offenders who have received a diagnosis of a psychiatric or psychological problem. - A report provided by MIND (Another Assault, 2007) has shown a lack of awareness from the criminal justice system about mental health issues, much of which is because they have received no training at all in the area of mental health, its varying symptoms and effects on the individual.

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book review - Essay Example he author’s intention is clear from the start that she wants an apology from the Japanese government and a repatriation for the comfort women whom she believed were aggrieved and should be justly paid. Her paper is also a subtle way of pronouncing that she is supporting the advocacies of pro-comfort women rights. It is addressed to an audience that is working for this commitment. Her articulation of events and history of comfort women agrees with other written articles about the matter. She wrote about the number of about 200,000 women in brothels, and the pains and sexual diseases they have contracted, in the same way it is reported in the Encyclopedia article for comfort women. Author is able to uncover events beyond World War II and takes us to the recent scenarios of confessions of comfort women, investigations and hearings in order to convince the Japanese government to apologize. She was able to unearth researches relevant on the matter from archives and incorporated it in her study that could be useful to other interested researchers. Other topics that she wrote about international responses like that of the US, Canada, Dutch Parliament and EU are also found in numerous articles of research, but nevertheless, a confirmation of evidences. This also shows that the argument Choi had written is backed up by evidences from primary sources. The author is a graduate student at the Bologna Center of the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. Her areas of concentration are International Relations and International Law and

Interview with Nurse Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interview with Nurse Manager - Essay Example For example, the interviewee revealed that evidence based care enhances patient care, improves outcome, provide sufficient evidence for clinical, administrative and educational decision-making processes. Because of improved health care, the patients have been able to save significant cost that could purchase medication. Evidence based practice is known to consider the influences, whether external or internal, on the nursing practice and implores critical thinking during its application. Practitioners who utilize the evidence gathered can accurately judge and diagnose a patient. The process improves the quality of health care offered to the patients (Mantzoukas, 2007). The interview involved answering preset questions that focused on assessing the willingness of nurses in applying evidence-based practice. After vigorous consultations with the Hospital Review Board, permission was granted to the manager nurse and the selected nurse to participate in the interview. The first contact with the nurse was made during her weekly staff meetings. In this meeting, the institution review board’s permission was conveyed to the manager nurse to facilitate the interview. The privacy of the participating nurse was protected throughout the duration of the interview. Evidence based practice was designed to provide the health practitioners with numerous relevant information that would enable them make effective clinical decisions since its inception. The approach was beneficial because it allowed the discarding of the previously adhered traditional practice with an aim of improving the quality of clinical services. Due to the rising numbers of nurses in the decision making process, it is critical for them to access and utilize evidence in the provision of care. The interview reveled that nurses are the predominant health care providers in numerous health facilities. It is

On Television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Television - Essay Example He goes on questioning whether the television medium presents the topics accurately or imperatively. The problem of the journalists and the news field is focusing on the truth which has chances to get either approved or disapproved. Like what has been discussed in the argument that â€Å"television presentations almost automatically dumb down due to cultural –social and technological structures of the field†. But according to Bourdieu the documentary series or program takes a little time to reach the likeness or approval of the audience than the story telling session, or dramas. The reason he has analysed is that news reports will be concentrated towards emphasising the true incident which has brought changes in the television production of the news field in a cultural concept, and the relationship that exist between the intellectuals and the public or the political and the social community. The success of the journalism in television media seems to depend mostly on the responsibility that the intellectual takes to reach the political and the social community. He mainly argues the role and the impact of the journalistic field in a television media with the social and cultural structures. He looks at the solution form the perspective of an individual, and so he says that if an individual takes the role of organising a news documentary for a television presentation so cautiously keeping in mind the social and political expectation rather than obliging what the television industry has to impose on a cultural circle. The television has changed the role of the journalistic field, though it has all forms of technologies to present the information true to life, the journalistic media remains a decline among the public. This he finds due to many reasons one would be that television has all the powerful cultural means to present all the recent political as well as social and cultural issues more effectively than the print media, as a result the television industry and

Sex Determination and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex Determination and Development - Essay Example The same pair of chromosomes results to female while the different pairs results to male product. (Doren, 2009) The production of new plant-line is also determined by the produced monoploids through genetics that result from favorable genotypes. Therefore, it involves the doubling of chromosomes to form homozygous, fertile diploids. There is abnormal number of chromosome aberrations in Aneuploidy which results to organism’s production in a non functional condition through meiosis. DNA component also help in the determination of the inherited chromosomes which form part of the development and sex determination. The components are cellular units that form basic components of chromosome cells that are inherited. This demonstrates how the living things are and how it is prone tom develop. Half of a child’s DNA is inherited from the parent’s DNA and is made possible through the sexual fertilization process when the eggs and sperms meet. Differentiation in terms of development in human starts appearing in the embryo. The difference is realized in gonad within the first six weeks of gestation. The development if female sex is visible in the primordial germ cell which plays a vital role in ovary development. Sry+ and Y-linked are essential players in the first stage of indifference. Y-linked helps in production control and development of testis during cell differentiation. This is also vital in the cell differentiation of two key hormones which gives secondary hormones that controls sex differentiation through Sry+ and Sox-9+ plus an active Dax-1+ gene. The germ primordial cells are enclosed by epithelial cells that help in the creation of primitive sex cords in female. These results to the development of female genital duct, Wolffian and Mullerian duct which forms the female organ when fully

Marketing and Promotional Tools Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing and Promotional Tools - Coursework Example As the report declares the modern technology has made reception and dissemination of information quite simple for companies. Companies can share information regarding the products or services they offer to the world via the internet. In addition, there are various media that companies can use to market their products or services. These media include televisions, magazines, posters, social media platforms such as the Facebook and many others. It is essential to identify that marketing techniques are tailored to attract potential customers to buy the product or service in question. The aim of this project is to analyze the different media and promotional tools used to market the products of the Innocent Company and Coca-Cola Company. According to the discussion findings the innocent company is a multi-billion company that serves in the product sector. The company mainly provides drinks of varies taste to its customers. Some of the drinks produced by the company include smoothies and fruit juice. The company has established various strategies to promote the sale of its products in the competitive beverage market. The Coca-Cola Company holds over 90% of the company shares. In essence, the beverage market is very competitive since there are millions of companies in the world market. The Innocent Company has purposed to improve its communication structure in order to facilitate smooth interaction with the customer. The communication structure is aimed at ensuring proper dissemination of information regarding the products offered by the company to members of the public.

Malcomes final speech Essay Example for Free

Malcomes final speech Essay In Malcomes final speech he describes Lady Macbeth as a fiend like queen. Explain how far you think this description of her is justified Lady Macbeth is a very essential character to the play. She is singly responsible for the most tragedy and destruction throughout the play. She is very responsible because she is the one who talks to and persuades Macbeth. But she cannot be purely seen as an evil influence for she is a much more complex character then many would think. We first see Lady Macbeth in act one, scene five when she is reading the letter that Macbeth sent her. When reading the letter, she reads it in an innocent ladylike voice that we will not see much of until later on in the script. As she calmly reads the letter you can see her slowly spiralling towards the more evil sinister way. The letter is read as if he was writing it to his Dearest partner of greatness. He treats her with a lot of respect as if she is an equal. This would seem to be very awkward to an audience in the Shakespearean era for women were seen to be inferior to men. She decides on Macbeths behalf that they are to kill the King Duncan, without Macbeths approval. The only problem is that she thinks that Macbeth is too full of th milk of human kindness to commit such an evil task. She then thinks that she had the power to alter Macbeths mind like an evil conscience. This makes her more evil than seen so far for she is seen as an evil presence. Lady Macbeth feels that in order to commit the murderous task herself she will need to look for help of evil ghosts and spirits to take her body and do the dirty deeds for her. She suggests strong sentences to unsex her and turn her evil. Come to my womens breasts And take my milk for gall. In Shakespeares time the average person in the audience still believed in witches, evil sprits, potions and evil presences, so they would be scared as if it were real. The audience will also look at her in a very strange, different way for she is willing to give up all her femininity for a natural evil. She continues to make obscene comments to hell. Come thick night and pull the In the dunnest smokes of hell. She says this because she wants not to be discovered for it will cost her life if she was discovered. For a stage production I would start with her sitting in darkness on a chair alone with the spot light on her. She would wear a white dress to promote her innocence. The background music would be slow, low and quiet in a solitary tune. As she starts to ponder evil thoughts, I would slowly creep up in tempo and make all the notes more sinister. She would get up and keep her head down as she wanders around the stage reading the letter. As soon as she finishes reading the letter she will raise her head and start to whisper her lines to the audience making eye contact. The lights would be dim as she goes from side to side on the stage. She will get louder and louder until the servant walks in and after he leaves she will continue walking from side to side getting louder and louder until her husband enters and a red light will fade in as she explains the plot to Macbeth. The second time we see her is when she is at dinner acting sweet and innocent when at heart she is completely evil and filled with hate and gall. Duncan ironically and innocently speaks of sweet and good air which has a ironic relationship to Lady Macbeths earlier quote The dunnest smokes of hell in the last scene. In Act 1, Scene 7 we see Lady Macbeth for the third time. She is alone in the bedroom with Macbeth discussing their hidden sinister plan to kill king Duncan and steal his throne. In this scene we can see again how much influence on Macbeth, Lady Macbeth has. Macbeth decides that he wishes not to conduct in this evil scheme any further, but once again Lady Macbeth bends and twists Macbeths mind to see the opportinity the way she does. An audience would again be surprised to see a women taking more or less complete control over Macbeth. Her character would seem very masculine and the power over Macbeth would seem to be some sort of witchs spell, again making her seem more evil than she really is. It would not be surprising to see lady Macbeth fall to even lower levels of murder and in justice for all her goodness and innocence has been completely corrupted by greed, therefore making her nothing more than a victim to her inner evil. Macbeth stands for shining goodness in that moment that he refuses to commit this disruption of the hierarchy for it would not only be a murderous crime, it would also mean that he has turned his back on his God, for the king was seen to be Gods representative on earth. Lady Macbeth uses blackmail to get him to obey her. She starts to accuse him of not loving her and not acting like a real man treats his wife. This is ironic, for she does not treat him as a real husband, but none the less she gets her way through these obscene accusations of him being a coward And live a coward in thine own esteem The last time we see Lady Macbeth is in Act 5 Scene 1, after all planned has successfully happened. In this scene we can see how the aftermath of the killings has actually affected lady Macbeth. The scene begins with lady Macbeth being analysed by a doctor and his decision is that she is suffering mentally. Lady Macbeth is mentally scared and is sleepwalking in anguish. Lady Macbeth is constantantly rubbing and washing this certain spot in her palm because she (and only she) can see a red damned spot of blood. She is conveying images of the murder and she is speaking of the killing of an old man ( King Duncan ). Who would have thought the old man had so much blood in him Through sleep walking and being nervous we can see that Lady Macbeth does have a conscious and is liable to greed instead of being this evil monster which the audience has all seen before. The audience for the first time would start to understand and see that all the evil within her was evil spirits and the greed assigned to every human being. In this last scene with her, as she fall apart we can see all her greed and wickedness being stripped from her just leaving her an image of pure, innocent child like women. As Lady Macbeth becomes mentality ill and losses all her influence and greed it is as if Macbeth and his wife have swooped feelings and brains. Her obsession with a damned spot of blood which she cannot remove from her hand contrasts with her attitude to the blood after Duncans murder, when she says: A little water cleans us of this deed The way an actress would perform this scene would be very different from the way she would act in Act 1 Scene. Her face would be pale and without make-up, and she would wear a white nightdress to suggest return to a vulnerable childlike state. Her voice would be frail and trembling, and some lines, such as The Thane of Fife had a wife would be spoken like child reciting a nursery rhyme. Referring back to the title question, I think that Lady Macbeth cannot be fully justified as a Fiend for she is a normal women who is corrupted by greed and I am sure that many people in the same situation would be very tempted to do something similar.

Dickens’ Victorian Critique of Church and State Essay Example for Free

Dickens’ Victorian Critique of Church and State Essay There is not much question in a look at his career’s work, that Charles Dickens was by his nature a harsh social critic. He would often make his characters morally objectionable in order to demonstrate the ills of society and would take an especially great interest in showing the iniquities of Church and State. In the deeply unequal England of the Victorian era, Dickens felt that he saw a lot of suffering, a great many people in need and a visible disgust of the rich toward the poor. The fact that these conditions had associated so closely with the premise of God and Crown had drawn out in critics such as Dickens as sharp distaste for the British institution girding both. That is why so many of his works centered on the relationship of the rich and poor, separated as such by the unwelcome permeation of authority of the former over the latter. The labor conditions Dickens explores in Hard Times through such figures as Stephen are contrasted sharply by the life of decadence and sanctimony denoting the figure of Josiah Bounderby. Clearly the figure through who Dickens channels the greatest pitch of protest, there is a clear hostility toward the hypocrisy and meanness which allows Bounderby to prevail over the poor of Coketown with a divinely entitled and self-declared superiority. It is here that Dickens captures the Victorian era’s undercurrent of resentment of the exploitation of God and Church for the interests of rendering selective such universal entitlements as faith and justice. In Bounderby, we are given the opportunity to view the justice system in Dickens’ time as something principally founded on inequality, determining a process which is governed by an aristocratic jurisdiction over that which deemed righteous, just and moral. All of these concepts emerge in Bounderby, and especially in a notable encounter with Stephen, suggest the most demonstrably inappropriate misuse of religious principles. In Hard Times, published in 1854, Dickens shows that he is specifically interested in dealing with a current problem of labor abuse. He draws a deeply negative picture of the rationalist political movement with which Bounderby may be identified. This was a powerful movement at the time in England. Rationality was focused on facts, which Dickens believed were used to give strict control over education, values and even creativity. This would impact the making of religion and justice too. The chief characterization of Bounderby captures this points exceedingly well, remarking that â€Å"there was a moral infection of claptrap in him. Strangers, modest enough elsewhere, started up at dinners in Coketown, and boasted in quite a rampant way, of Bounderby. They made him out to be the Royal arms, the Union-Jack, Magna Charta, John Bull, Habeas Corpus, the Bill of Rights, an Englishman’s house is his castle, Church and State, and God Save the Queen, all put together. † (52) The declaration, clearly satirical in its delivery, is nonetheless a premise upon which we will find Bounderby behaving in the most repugnant of ways. When the aforementioned Stephen, an honest laborer detained in a marriage with an abusive and alcoholic wife, goes to Bounderby, the wealthy mill owner and a public judge, he is denied a request for divorce. Bounderby denies him because poor laborers like him are not expected to have the money to have a divorce. In the scene between Stephen and Bounderby, we can see how the justice system is deeply imbalanced, as are the attitudes of the people in the justice system. When Stephen argues that the legal system wouldn’t let him get a divorce was a ‘muddle,’ Bounderby disciplines him, â€Å"Don’t you talk nonsense, my good fellow,. . . about things you don’t understand; and don’t you call the Institutions of your country a muddle , or you’ll get yourself into a real muddle one of these find mornings. The institutional of your country are not your piece-work, and the only thing you have got to do, is, to mind your piece-work. You didn’t take your wife for fast and for loose; but for better for worse. If she has turned out worse—why, all we have got to say is, she might have turned out better† (Hard Times, 84) The response, which only makes Stephen more angry, shows how Dickens’ really likes to use the writing device of irony. As Bounderby and Mrs. Sparsit, who is a rich, high-class woman with a divorce, together call Stephen guilty of ‘impiety,’ we know that the two are having some sort of inappropriate relationship with one another. This casts a blaring spotlight on the hypocrisy at the root of his cruel religiosity. Bounderby takes on the mantle of Dickens’ twinned reproach for the system and church which had conspired to make England so deeply unequal a place. That God had come to overwhelm the senses of justice and humanism seems a clear justification to Dickens that the core morality of religion had by the Victorian age been exposed for the bastard-child of human conceit which it had come to embody. Indeed, in the above claim by Bounderby against Stephen, was can see that Dickens is be very sarcastic when he uses the word ‘impiety. ’ Particularly, the statement is delivered at the expense of a poor man, demonstrating a perceived relationship between righteousness and social class. The cruel and empowered judge would characterize himself as the man of God, so noted for his chosen rank and certainly not, from the reader’s (or Dickens’) perspective, because of his admirable moral disposition.. The outcome of Stephen’s visit to Bounderby and Sparsit is that his poor, labor-class status renders him morally, and thus legally, forbidden from divorce. A clear symptom of the Victorian era, we can see Dickens taking particular pains demonstrate that manner in which religion and justice had come to falsely associate. The vitriol which Bounderby aims at Stephen is powerfully representative of the purpose in this association, allowing the wealthy to prevail over fundamental personal institutions such as the faith, family and welfare of the poor. Works Cited Dickens, C. (1870). Hard Times. Barnes Noble Classics.

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines

The Puritan And Deist Doctrines Many Americans and historians abroad consider The United States founding and independence to be closely associated with religious reasons and purposes. This is true of course, but Protestant and Puritan ideologies were not the only things affecting the newborn countrys independence in 1776. While most of its Founding Fathers were of the Puritan faith and background, some of its key revolutionaries were in fact of a different, often overlooked, religion: Deism. These faiths did not often disagree while on the subject of founding a country, but they certainly did when the notions of God and human nature were concerned. One avid Deist, Benjamin Franklin, repented from Puritanism to Deism and wrote several pieces on his religion. Puritans such as John Winthrop and Michael Wigglesworth also wrote of their faith and how it affected their daily lives and thinking. Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature and its origins, and the relationship between th e two. One major difference between the Puritan and Deist doctrines was that of the Character (or nature) of God. For the Deists, they believed that God was all-wise, all-good, all powerful (Franklin, 26). One major reason Deists believed and developed this fundamental doctrine was the use of critical thinking or reason. Benjamin Franklin, the major Deist this paper will discuss, had a clear logical thinking path from which he rarely deviated. This logical thinking led him while a teenager to renounce Puritan beliefs. As a boy who sought knowledge in books, he found some who led him to believe in a different God, one who was a Universal God, and not just a Christian God. He wrote A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, in which he laid out a step-by-step logical argument of why God was good and why evil did not exist: I. There is said to be a First Mover, who is called GOD, Maker of the Universe. II. He is said to be all-wise, all-good, all powerful. III. If He is all-go od, whatsoever He doth must be goodà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. [V.] what He [God] consents to must be good, because He is good; therefore Evil doth not exist (Franklin, 26). Franklin goes on to say that everything God does can only be, and will only be good and that evil, which does not exist, cannot be permitted by God if it did exist: But this [God permitting evil for a wise end] Objection destroys itself; for whatever an infinitely good God hath wise Ends in suffering to be, must be good, is thereby made good, and cannot be otherwise (Franklin, 26-27). Franklin would later on slightly recant this idea, saying that his doctrine of no evil was not very useful (Franklin, 29). Franklins God was universal, the epitome and definition of good, and could not create or tolerate any kind of evil. While Franklin was convinced that the nature of his God was nothing but good, the Puritans believed something quite the contrary. The Puritan beliefs of God can be seen in writings and historical accounts: they wrote and viewed the nature of God as vengeful and wrathful- a Harbinger of justice and punishment. Michael Wigglesworth, who authored the then famous poem, The Day of Doom, wrote that the Son of God came to judge both Quick and Dead (Wigglesworth, 3) on the Day of Judgment. In his poem, Wigglesworth implies that only a few will escape (by grace) the wrath and be united with God, the rest being doomed to eternal judgment and torment in Hell. (This idea of predestination will be discussed in detail later.) John Dane, another Puritan, symbolically attributed Gods wrath to two separate occasions with a bee sting, which symbolized Danes sin and Christ on the cross. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it struck my finger, and water and blood [symbolizing the crucifixion of Christ] came out of ità ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦God would find me out (Dane, 9). However, the Puritans did not believe God was completely bad, since they wrote of his loving care and providence in times of need and spiritual weakness. In her memoirs, Mary Rowlandson recognized Gods blessings through her captivity. She considers the attack and captivity to be Gods punishment, but also sees his protection and help through her survival: the wonderful goodness of God to me, in preserving me soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that [I] did not use wicked and violent means to end my own miserable life (Rowlandson, 16). The Puritans view of the nature of God is almost like that of a bipolar father, providing for his children when they most need it, but having indignation for any small error. Similar to his view on God, Franklins view on human nature was that all humans were the incarnation of God created by God. According to Franklins doctrinal logic, since God is good, all of His creations must be basically good; basically we do not have a sin nature (or inheritance) at birth. If a Creature is made by God, it must depend upon God, and receive all its Power from Himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦because He is Good; therefore a Creature can do nothing but what is good (Franklin, 27). Franklin goes on to refute the idea of concentrating on an afterlife. He argues that because our bodies will experience Pleasure and Pain (complete opposites) in equal amounts in this life, there is no point to having an afterlife, or being able to recall a previous life. But since Pain naturally and infallibly produces a Pleasure in proportion to it, every individual Creature must, in any State of Life, have an equal Quantity of each, so that there is not, on that Account, any Occasion for a future Adjustme nt [afterlife] (Franklin, 28). (This belief is direct contrast with the Puritan thinking that this life is a time of punishment that will soon end with constant pleasure in union with God, if we should be so fortunate to receive Gods grace.) Deists and Puritans had very different views on human nature. For the Puritans, human nature was wretched and unredeemable through good works. For Franklin, humans are good and capable of improvement. He said that life is worthless without improvement. This improvement, or practice of virtues, was an integral part of Franklins daily routine. He concentrated on the practice and retrospect of virtues not only to try to achieve moral perfection, but also to better himself financially: I from thence considered industry [a Franklin virtue] as a means of obtaining wealth and distinction (Franklin, 32). But for the Puritans, human nature was a sin nature, inherited from Adam, and passed down unbroken from generation to generation we had no chance of starting with a clean slate, it was already tainted. The Massachusetts Governor John Winthrop made this very clear to his audience in 1645: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦our nature is now corrupt (because all people are sinners)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[our nature] is common to man with beasts and other creatures (Winthrop, 1). The puritans believed strongly, as Wigglesworth explain in The Day of Doom, that all humans were deserving of Hell. They thought of Hell not as their punishment from God, but as their punishment for sin nature, and they thought Gods grace to save some as an unnecessary mercy. Opposite of this belief, Franklin believed that humans were able to achieve a better moral standard. Eventually Franklin even resorted to daily prayer, although Catholic in nature. He thought it right and necessary to solicit his assistance for obtaining it [wisdom]; to this end I formed the following little prayer (Franklin, 34). Contradictory to the Deist view of human nature, the Puritans thought life could not get better, and the doctrine of predestination did not help their morale either. They strongly believed in predestination, the belief that God already knew and commanded that some souls would perish (even the infantile or mentally incapacitated) and some souls would be saved humans had no choice in the matter. There was no hope; God commanded sin and damnation. Salvation was not merit-based, but your bad works would damn you (Wigglesworth, 4). John Dane thought of his nature as being so bad that to end his life [he did not, fortunately] would be better than to continue living in sin: I ought of two evils to choose the least; and that it was a greater evil to live and to sin against God than to kill myself (Dane, 11). Franklin, however, invented many things throughout his life solely for the betterment of mankind, just as he thought a persons life could be improved. He reflected on his attempt at i ndividual perfection: I wasà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a better and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not attempted it (Franklin, 34). For Franklin, the human nature could use a tune up, but was not flawed from conception and things could only get better. The Puritans saw only a lose-lose situation, for all of their efforts of attaining merit were forfeit: living was sinning; and sin is our nature. The Puritans and Deists also had very different views on the relationship between God and human nature. For the Puritans, it was a cycle of wrath and punishment. God was wrathful because the creation he made, mankind, became tainted and sinful through inherited sinful nature. Thomas Shepard, an English minister, said that the human heart (nature) was full of atheism, sodomy, blasphemy, murder, whoredom, adultery, witchcraft, buggeryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Your best duties are tainted, poisoned, mingled with some sin, and therefore are most odious in the eyes of a holy God (Wigglesworth, 4). Since the Puritans believed in this type of sin nature, of course it made sense that their holy God would want to punish and rid them of such bad behavior God was wrathful because of their sin. Deists also believed in a cyclic sort of relationship between God and human nature, but their cycle ran the opposite route. They believed human nature was basically good because a good God created it. It was like a skilled watchmaker letting his work shine without his constant watchful eye and tiny tools; he (the watchmaker) was good, therefore his good work did not need constant assistance it could be released as a well-oiled machine. After viewing the evidence and doctrines of Deist and Puritan views, it is very perplexing to think that such differences could lead to a declaration of independence and constitution, both with a religious backdrop. The Puritans believed in a wrathful God who punished people for their flawed human nature that He created and encouraged (sin caused by God). On the contrary, the Deists believed in an all-good God who let his good creations with a good human nature be out from under His constant control. But we know that even through these differences the men on both sides remained mostly civil and friendly to each other. For instance, Benjamin Franklin was a good friend of George Whitfield. He gave to his ministries on several occasions and vouched for his character even though they had no religious connection (Franklin, 40). However civil they might have been to one another, we still can clearly see that Puritans and Deists had very different views on the nature of God, human nature, a nd their relationship.

Internet Piracy :: essays research papers fc

He doesn't wear a stocking mask over his face, and he doesn't break a window to get into your house. He doesn't hold a gun to your head, nor does he ransack your personal possessions. Just the same he's a thief. Although this thief is one you'll not only never see,but you may not even realize right away that he's robbed you. The thief is a computer hacker and he "enters" your home via your computer, accessing personal information -- such as credit card numbers which he could then use without your knowledge at least until you get that next credit card statement. RichardBernes, supervisor of the FBI's Hi-Tech squad in San Jose, California, calls the Internet "the unlocked window in cyberspace through which thieves crawl" (Erickson 1). There seems to be an unlimited potential for theft of credit card numbers, bank statements and other financial and personal information transmitted over the Internet. It's hard to imagine that anyone in today's technologically oriented world could function without computers. Personal computers are linked to business computers and financial networks, and all are linked together via the Internet or other networks. More than a hundred million electronic messages travel through cyberspace every day, and every piece of information stored in a computer is vulnerable to attack (Icove-Seger-VonStorch 1). Yesterday's bank robbers have become today's computer hackers. They can walk away from a computer crime with millions of virtual dollars (in the form of information they can use or sell for an enormous profit). Walking away is precisely what they do. The National Computer Crimes Squad estimates that 85-97 % of the time, theft of information from computers is not even detected (Icove-Seger-VonStorch 1). Home computer users are vulnerable, not only for credit card information and login IDs, but also their files, disks, and other computer equipment and data, which are subject to attack. Even if this information is not confidential, having to reconstruct what has been destroyed by a hacker can take days (Icove-Seger-VonStorch 1). William Cheswick, a network-security specialist at AT&T Bell Labs, says the home computers that use the Internet are singularly vulnerable to attack. "The Internet is like a vault with a screen door on the back," says Cheswick. "I don't need jackhammers and atom bombs to get in when I can walk in through the door" (Quittner 44). The use of the Internet has become one of the most popular ways to communicate.

The Open Boat Essay -- essays research papers

Open Boat Symbolism allows writers to suggest their ideas within a piece of literature. This is found in most types of writing. Stephen Crane expresses this in his short story, The Open Boat. Through symbolism and allegory, it is demonstrated that humans live in a universe that is unconcerned with them. The characters in the story come face to face with this indifference and are nearly overcome by Nature’s lack of concern. This is established in the opening scenes, the â€Å"seven mad gods† and in the realization of the dying soldier. The descriptions that Crane uses in the opening scenes illustrate nature’s lack of concern for their tragedy. He discusses the waves in the ocean that continually roll and crest. The waves are problems or situations that are unavoidable; moreover, the â€Å"waves† continue to flow one after another towards the poor rowers. Also, the â€Å"birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey† because the bi rds were indifferent towards the sailors’ situation. They were sitting happily as if nothing was going on around them. The sailors were envious of this because they were forced to confront nature’s trials. The sun continues to rise and set daily, maintaining this routine regardless of what occurs in the world. The shore is also â€Å"lonely and indifferent.† This indifference causes the men to feel a certain isolation from nature. The men feel as if fate (the â€Å"seven mad gods†) controls their destinies. Their thoughts are given: â€Å"If I am go...

Cyrano de Bergerac: Cyranos Qualities :: Cyrano De Bergerac Essays

Throughout Edmond Rostand’s classic play, Cyrano de Bergerac, the title character, Cyrano, is a passionate writer whose complex and rich personal qualities are the foundation of his peerless eloquence. Cyrano’s unrivaled sense of humor is a defense against those who humiliate him for his outlandish appearance. For example, during the â€Å"nose† speech, Cyrano challenges Valvert with twenty stunningly varied and complex alternative suggestions, one more stinging than the next, to replace Valvert’s banal attempt at insult. Cyrano's retaliation against Valvert's feeble attempt at embarrassment backfires as Cyrano destroys his opponent with a tirade of ingenious examples of how better to insult "the nose": â€Å"It’s a rock, a peak, a cape! No, more than a cape: a peninsula!† (41). In addition to Cyrano’s wit, his language is deeply thought-out and rich with poetic imagination. Cyrano amplifies upon a single word by using concr ete words to spin a simple concept into a memorable poetic experience. Cyrano illustrates the value of Christian’s need for a kiss from Roxane: â€Å"After all, what is a kiss? A vow made at closer range, a more precise promise, a confession that contains its own proof, a seal placed on a pact that has already been signed; it’s a secret told to the mouth rather than to the ear, a fleeting moment filled with the hush of eternity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (126). Furthermore, it is in compensation for Cyrano’s great suffering that his verbal style is so sensitive and brilliant. He will always love in vain: 2 â€Å"Look at me and tell me what hope this protuberance might leave me!†¦I go into a garden, smelling the fragrance of spring with my poor monstrous nose, and watch a man and a woman strolling together in the moonlight. I think how much I, too, would like to be walking arm in arm with a woman, under the moon† (51). Incorporating cleverness and eloquence into his language, Cyrano replies to Le Bret’s sympathy with the response that he would never let a â€Å"sublime† tear be lowered by having to run down such an ugly nose.

Types of Family

1. What is a nuclear family? A nuclear family consists of a unit, which has an adult male and female with their dependant offspring. In common terms this means that there are direct relations such as parents, brothers and sisters. However, if the two adults don't have children it therefore means that they are not part of a nuclear family, they are just part of a household. They must also be related by blood, marriage or adoption to qualify as a nuclear family. The family is based on the concept of monogamy, which in our society is built into the Christian moral code and is supported by our judicial system in England. It is illegal in our society for bigamy to take place. 2. How does the extended family vary from the nuclear? The structure of families varies form society to society. The smallest family unit is the nuclear, whilst units larger than the nuclear family are often known as extended families. Such families can be seen as extensions of the nuclear unit, either vertical extensions – for example, the additions of members of a third generation such as the spouses parents, or, horizontal extensions – the addition of the same generation as the spouse, e.g. cousins. All of these are blood relatives. 3. What is Kinship? Kinship describes people who are blood related, married or provide support for members of a group. These can be friends or neighbours. They are also about how they influence others within their group relationships. Socialisation and Social Placement 1. What is Socialisation? Socialisation is a lifelong experience in which we learn values. When in the family, it is named primary socialisation where children learn the basic rules of behaviour, norms and beliefs. These include general politeness, table manners, reading etc†¦ Later on follows secondary socialisation, which reinforces the norms of living but in a more mature way. We also learn appropriate patterns of behaviour in specific social situations 2.Why is socialisation important? Socialisation is important to maintain the rules of society and learn how to cope with day-to-day life and other people. If there were no form of socialisation, then there would be no maturity in the world in which we live in. There are certain social institutions in which help to upkeep the society such as the judicial system. This enforces the laws of our country, which are made to allow people to live more harmoniously with one another. 3. Who decides what is correct socialisation? Each different society has its own norms and behavioural rules. For instance, doing something totally natural and respectable in one society may be looked down on in another. Therefore there is no one correct type of socialisation, but it depends on the surrounding community. There are, however, rules set by the society's judicial system, which if not adhered to, may result in punishment in the form of fines, warnings or imprisonment. 4. How have ideas of relevant socialisation changed Britain in the last 20 years? Firstly, the media has a profound impact on our society. This institution is booming after the effects that it has on us, whether it is a positive impact, or, usually negative and gives people a bad name. As the media industry has increased, sports have been growing in popularity by the means of television, and sports have been encouraged to be played at an earlier age. Secondly, the government has changed hands from Conservative to Labour. This has had many effects on the way in which we live like transport systems, tuition fees, scholarships/assisted places etc†¦ But, not all of our ways of day-to-day life has changed though. For instance, some of today's clothing fashions were popular a generation ago. Also, there are still exams, but more of them. There are different subjects to be taught and more people being admitted to universities.

Remember the Titans

believe the Titans Directed by Boaz Yakin, c t come forth ensemble moxie the Titans explores racism in the fraternity of Alexandria and the struggles of dealing with an integrated society, take and football game game game game game game police squad. ring the Titans draw and quarters evident that last the connection of Alexandria ar the authentic get aheadners by and by the Titans set ahead victory at the financial support and the hu hu firearm lavationkind hire to accept the opposite caustic market and encompass them with newfound respect. The creation of familiaritys, their attitudes towards individually other and authorizedising opportunities argon all irresponsibles that came from the inert acceptance of channelize.Characters in the dart stimulate friendships in spite of look the comm agreement whether theyre Afro-Ameri chamberpot or Caucasian, subsequently to the good mannequin set by the Titans Championship squad. This is run inton d maven Julius Campbell and Gerry Bertier when they be conductd in a room in concert on football camp create agitation in the midst of the devil. Julius and Gerry first meet when they are sit down unneurotic on the bus and naturalise Boone announces the soul I fork out you seance contiguous to is the same one that youll be rooming with for the duration of this camp.The cardinal characters visual aspect their hate for severally other in many focusings, the first being on the bus Julius tells Gerry he empennage shut-up, top more conflict amid the two. in concert with the encounter over a broadsheet in their room, its clear the two are far from friends. Although as the squad fasten ons pulling together and begin to set ahead their games of football this change overs dramatically. Gerry listens to Julius and lectures one of the squad members, Gerrys outmatch friend ab go forth his disgusting h centenarian backing for one of the African-American summercaterer s.This results in Julius and Gerry shouting left-side strong side at severally other, being the out of a penny-pinching friendship and unity. This great friendship develops over time and they soon compel so destination they call distri just nowively other brothers and Gerry invites Julius over to meet his mum which is a big deal, considering at the start of their friendship Gerrys mum didnt agree with it. Sheryl and Nicky be possessed of friends after the Titans bailiwick as an integrated group and they little by little grow to have similar interests quite a of being totally opposed to spending time with to each one(prenominal) other.In the beginning of the motion picture the two girls were totally different, Sheryl non set in any effort to draw dolls or Nicky refusing to play basketball because she only did her nails. Ultimately they get excited with each other slightly the Titans takening foot race and celebrate by hugging and bound close to together. T his levels friendship pulped because of the Titans and the police squad ups victory. The success of the Titans is a lordly reflection on the relationships formed at bottom the squad, where their cohesion allows the rest of the Alexandria alliance to cod the benefits of amalgamation and inter-racial respect.Conclusively the whole townshipsfolks potshipsfolkships passel of Alexandria benefitted and were the deriveners after all, due to the Titans assist form friendships. In the celluloid, guess the Titans the town of Alexandria was disadvantaged by being segregated, where non only were the commonwealth in the friendship missing out on friendships opportunities, tho alike task and aggroup opportunities. They were missing out on a different, more divine serviceful and pitying flair of life. An exemplar of this is the product line that turns absent Petey and Blue to eat there because theyre African-American.The diner misses out on a sale non only then, sc arce from all the other hundred or more Negro plenty that would leverage food there if they were legitimate. But sooner they were told to head out back and deplumate it up from there as if having a person with a different port in their diner would affect ancestry sales. in Virginia, high school football is a way of life, and doneout Remember the Titans the team are significant companion equal to(p)-bodied attractions, to both races black and innocence.Especially after the Titans win the Championship, the audience sees Alexandria realise that their raft are all the same, and in the long run start to deal out each other with well-nigh respect. You taught his urban center how to boldness the soul of a man, instead than the look of him If Alexandria was still segregated the friendships wouldnt be the same the Titans might non have won the Championship game, director Yoast could have received a channelise in the house of Fame, Gerry wouldnt have had the car accident , they wouldnt have evaluate change, and they would still be as close minded, biased and prejudiced as they were the class before the game.The town showed a real change after the Titans won the northern Regional Championship Game, all the battalion of the town whether they were black or ovalbumin were there to cheer and congratulate the team on their victory. This was a huge change in the attitudes of the township. Although the change was hard, the town is bust of being integrated due to the shimmy after the win thanks to the Titans. It is the tragedies and mistakes inwardly Remember the Titans that cause the community of Alexandria to ingest and develop in point to ultimately benefit from the utilisation of the Titans.Even though the town eventually advanced greatly from the typesetters case set by the Titans non anybody in the film was a winner. glow Budds was part of the Titans, but as the team advanced in their acceptance emit did non change in the way he felt about integration. at last he was removed from the team by the person who used to be his silk hat friend, Gerry, after he missed the choke up on purpose. This consequence for slam eases the team move forward together after giveing more unity and portion each other more, with no electro forbid relationships in the team. condition Yoast also had to sacrifice close tothing to help the Titans willingly Yoast gives up his spot in the dormitory of Fame so that the team can fairly win one of the games of football they play. Even though he had croaked passing hard for that spot, he acquire that it was not right to let the other team cheat on his behalf to acquire the Hall of Fame discover. director Yoast lowstood that the large number choosing the receiving system were a bunch of rednecks and that himself and his daughter Sheryl would body of scarper retributive as hard to be the receiver of the Hall of Fame stick contiguous family, once the judgemental slew accompl ished he was a worthy pass receiver.Ultimately the town and the people in the town had to sacrifice some important things in their lives after they realised it was the right thing to do, making the town of Alexandria a split, happier, integrated town. Throughout Boaz Yakins Remember the Titans people change, to overall make the town of Alexandria a better place to live and work. No matter what race, people in Alexandria are accepted. Being able to accept something different is a knockout task and the Titans set the example and helped Alexandria as a whole to be winners.Remember the TitansSherry Holloway Analysis Essay Remember the Titans ground on actual events that took place in 1971, this movie is about the racial and affectionate tensions of the South. Alexandria, Virginia is a community torn apart by racial hatred and the order to integrate their earthly concern high schools. Reluctantly, the school board replaces Bill Yoast (Will Patton), the popular snow-covered coach, with Herman Boone (Denzel Washington), a reputable black coach, as head coach of the T. C. Williams Titans football team. Yoast, under an invitation from Boone, accepts the position as coach of the antitank line.in concert they inspire, not average the team, but the town to Trust the soul of a man rather than the look of him. This is a brainy movie that not only entertains, but teaches a life changing lessons. Remember the Titans shows its viewers to look further than a persons outward display and look at a persons soul. Racism and football is the background knowledge for the clash of leadership styles and personal perspectives that each man must learn and substantiate in order to become a winning team.Furthermore, this movie goes beyond the lesson of racism, it also teaches unity, trust, loyalty, and integrity. First, while they are at football camp the racial tensions come to a head and cause an outpour of hatred as the coaches integrate the all-white team with the all-bla ck team. Its not until one white player is partnered with one black player and forced to decide out personal information do they start to realize they are all somewhat the same on the inside. another(prenominal) lesson that came out in this part of the film is that not all prejudices occur betwixt different ethnic groups.Ronnie Bass (Kip Pardue) arrives at football camp, with foresightful blonde hair, just having moved from California. The team quickly nicknames him sunlight because they assume that since he is from California and has long hair, he must be gay. Next, unity is brought to light when the captain of the all-white team, Gerry Bertier (Ryan Hurt) confronts the captain of the all-black team, Julius Campbell (Wood Harris) about his team playing as individuals and not a team. Things start to turn around when Julius tells Gerry Actions eflect leadership, captain, thats when Gerry realizes he is not being a good leader and letting the team down. Additionally, when the team gets back from camp they quickly realize the town does not share their newly interrelated team loyalty and some of the team members start to regress and lose their trust in unity. Once the team rallies and shows the town that they are working together and are loyal regardless of skin vividness most of the town follows the lead of the football team and accepts the new coach and team members.Unfortunately, not all the town is so accepting and some try to countercheck a football game, with the officiating, to cause the team to lose. pram Yoast sees what is happening and stops it, m communicate his loyalty is to the team and not the school board. Finally, the team is losing in the State Championship and Coach Yoast is still letting his plume stand in the way of asking Coach Boone for help with the defensive line.It takes Coach Yoasts nine year old daughter, Sheryl (Hayden Panettiere), encouraging him to trust a mans soul rather than his looks to finally unite the two coaches. All in all, Remember the Titans shows how reverence is a layabout antidote for racial hatred and bigotry. The frolic of football became a workshop for teach the young and old about racial harmony, trust, and loyalty. People said that it could not work, black and white, but the Titans made it work every day.Remember the TitansRemember the Titans Directed by Boaz Yakin, Remember the Titans explores racism in the community of Alexandria and the struggles of dealing with an integrated society, school and football team. Remember the Titans makes evident that ultimately the community of Alexandria are the real winners after the Titans gain victory at the Championship and the public learn to accept the opposite race and treat them with newfound respect. The creation of friendships, their attitudes towards each other and realising opportunities are all positives that came from the dull acceptance of change.Characters in the film form friendships inside the community whether theyre African- American or Caucasian, subsequently to the good example set by the Titans Championship team. This is seen through Julius Campbell and Gerry Bertier when they are placed in a room together on football camp causing agitation between the two. Julius and Gerry first meet when they are sit down together on the bus and Coach Boone announces the person I have you academic session next to is the same one that youll be rooming with for the duration of this camp.The two characters show their hate for each other in many ways, the first being on the bus Julius tells Gerry he can shut-up, causing more conflict between the two. Together with the encounter over a batting order in their room, its clear the two are far from friends. Although as the team starts pulling together and begin to win their games of football this changes dramatically. Gerry listens to Julius and lectures one of the team members, Gerrys best friend about his horrible blocking for one of the African-American players.This results in Julius and Gerry shouting left-side strong side at each other, being the start of a close friendship and unity. This great friendship develops over time and they soon become so close they call each other brothers and Gerry invites Julius over to meet his milliampere which is a big deal, considering at the start of their friendship Gerrys mum didnt agree with it. Sheryl and Nicky become friends after the Titans work as an integrated team and they piecemeal grow to have similar interests kinda of being totally opposed to spending time with each other.In the beginning of the film the two girls were totally different, Sheryl not place in any effort to play dolls or Nicky refusing to play basketball because she just did her nails. Ultimately they get excited with each other about the Titans winning chevron and celebrate by hugging and spring around together. This shows friendship formed because of the Titans and the teams victory. The success of the Titans is a positive reflection on the relationships formed within the team, where their cohesion allows the rest of the Alexandria community to see the benefits of amalgamation and inter-racial respect.Conclusively the whole town of Alexandria benefitted and were the winners after all, due to the Titans helping form friendships. In the film, Remember the Titans the town of Alexandria was disadvantaged by being segregated, where not only were the people in the community missing out on friendships opportunities, but also patronage and team opportunities. They were missing out on a different, more helpful and condole with way of life. An example of this is the business that turns external Petey and Blue to eat there because theyre African-American.The diner misses out on a sale not only then, but from all the other hundred or more Negro people that would acquire food there if they were accepted. But sooner they were told to head out back and set up it up from there as if having a person with a differ ent appearance in their diner would affect business sales. in Virginia, high school football is a way of life, and throughout Remember the Titans the team are significant accessible leaders, to both races black and white.Especially after the Titans win the Championship, the audience sees Alexandria realise that their people are all the same, and finally start to treat each other with some respect. You taught his metropolis how to trust the soul of a man, rather than the look of him If Alexandria was still segregated the friendships wouldnt be the same the Titans might not have won the Championship game, Coach Yoast could have received a place in the Hall of Fame, Gerry wouldnt have had the car accident, they wouldnt have accepted change, and they would still be as close minded, biased and prejudiced as they were the year before the game.The town showed a real change after the Titans won the Federal Regional Championship Game, all the people of the town whether they were black or w hite were there to cheer and congratulate the team on their victory. This was a huge change in the attitudes of the township. Although the change was hard, the town is better of being integrated due to the change after the win thanks to the Titans. It is the tragedies and mistakes within Remember the Titans that cause the community of Alexandria to learn and develop in order to ultimately benefit from the example of the Titans.Even though the town eventually advanced greatly from the example set by the Titans not everybody in the film was a winner. pecker Budds was part of the Titans, but as the team advanced in their acceptance balance beam did not change in the way he felt about integration. eventually he was removed from the team by the person who used to be his best friend, Gerry, after he missed the block on purpose. This consequence for ray helps the team move forward together after gaining more unity and helping each other more, with no negative relationships in the team .Coach Yoast also had to sacrifice something to help the Titans willingly Yoast gives up his spot in the Hall of Fame so that the team can fairly win one of the games of football they play. Even though he had worked passing hard for that spot, he realised that it was not right to let the other team cheat on his behalf to acquire the Hall of Fame place. Coach Yoast understood that the people choosing the recipient were a bunch of rednecks and that himself and his daughter Sheryl would work just as hard to be the receiver of the Hall of Fame place next year, once the judgemental people realised he was a worthy recipient.Ultimately the town and the people in the town had to sacrifice some important things in their lives after they realised it was the right thing to do, making the town of Alexandria a better, happier, integrated town. Throughout Boaz Yakins Remember the Titans people change, to overall make the town of Alexandria a better place to live and work. No matter what race, pe ople in Alexandria are accepted. Being able to accept something different is a effortful task and the Titans set the example and helped Alexandria as a whole to be winners.

Kyoto protocol 1997

The linked Nations frame naturalise convention on mood mixed bag, devised the immerse subject field transcription termed as Kyoto Protocol, in sound out to tame towards preserving the environment. The communications communications protocol was aimed at diminuating the long suit of six major glasshouse plashes namely blow dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydro fluoro ampere-seconds, and perfluorocarbons. What is this International accord? b solely-shaped calefacient intimidates the very existence of all c beer forms on earth.The emanations of the aforementioned six bollocks upes contri thate hefty to the thinning of the ozone layer, the consequences of which substructure be summed up in the rising of the sea levels, warming of s in a flash caps, floods and droughts. By 1990 the ratio of these emissions had risen by a safe smart amount, as substantiated in the report published by the IPCC (Inter organisational Panel on humor Change). The rep ort called for imperative roundions to retain the threat of climatic alteration. Thus, at the United Nations Conference of Environment and Development, the birth of the United Nations frame motion Convention on Climate Change took place.The decisive objective of the meeting was Stabilizing glasshouse fellate concentrations in the standard pressure at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. (UNFCCC, Article 2, 2008). Further more(prenominal), the agreement likewise encouraged achieving the change in a limited quantify span, so as to avoid an sparingal standstill by allowing the eco-system to align with the change in the atmosphere. The concurrence cogitate primarily on the modify nations, termed under add 1 as the major manufacturers of the glasshouse fumble emanations and thus the prime participators of the protocol.It is mentioned in the protocol that the accomplishment of the reduction in emissions is to be pe rformed principally by means of nationwide procedures. However, in identify to counter the criticisms with regards to the economic melt down that baron result by dint of the adherence to this protocol, the agreement in like manner mentions three souk establish methods (a)Emissions trading (b)Clean development mechanism (c) knock implementation. The protocol also asserts that the countries establish a monitoring body liable to formulating reports regarding the jet-propelled planehouse gas emanations and the trade carried out.This is achieved through (a) regis savour system (b) Compliance system (c) Reporting system. a nonher(prenominal) objective of the protocol is to help countries adapt to the ever-changing climatic conditions and its adverse effects. wherefore, an Adaption Fund was also speculate under this protocol to sponsor adaption schemes and programmes to the create countries that ar signatories to the protocol. The protocol encourages countries to align their po licies to the targets of the Kyoto Protocol, in order to curb the looming threat. The IPCC has forecasted an overall augment in spherical temperature to 5. storey Celsius (UNEP, 2001). Therefore, developing countries are necessitate under this protocol to device measures for absorption of the greenhouse gases. The protocol has been sanction by 183 parties, including Japan, China, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, the Netherlands and Russia, a country accounting for 17% of the greenhouse gas emanations (Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification, 2008) The fulfilment of the agreement is considered crucial, for the changing climatic conditions are cause more harm than good for the eco-system. Why this Agreement is ImportantKeeping in view the forceful change in the climatic condition and its consequences, it was bouncy for the globular community to advance towards such a criterion intended at diminishing the greenhouse gas emanation. Inter governmental panel on climate change has fo recasted an average increase of world(a) temperature from 1. 4 degree Celsius to 5. 8 degree Celsius (UNEP, 2001). magic spell this increase may appear trivial, heretofore it contributes greatly to the rising of sea levels, melting of snow caps and these drastic changes themselves affect the return of food and leads to droughts and famines as sanitary as floods.Under such circumstances it was racy to effect forwards an agreement that was legally natural covering on the countries that were the greatest benefactors of the greenhouse gasses. This global warming is a result of 150 eld of sloshed industrial development. Smoldering of fogey fuels has penetrated the ozone layer, which was acting as a filter for the brio creatures from the damaging consequences of sunlight.The immoderate access given to the ultra violent radiations is harming the eco-system, which is non unsloped con first-rated to the melting of the ice caps in Atlanta but also the extinction of brute and p lant species, over out-of-pocket to the destruction of their habitat. while the melting of ice caps is causing floods, the extinction of animals is resulting in direly touching the food cycle the results of which are non just felt by the wild life but also the gentlemans gentleman beings. The extinction rear also lead to the extinction of human beings, if the situation is not controlled.Therefore, it was vital for the international community to join custody and take looks for the conservation of the atmosphere. In this regards, the Kyoto protocol serves as a plausible tool. Industrial suppuration allow for be useless if people can not pull ahead from it if people can not live enough to take its benefits. Increase in pollution etc has direly affected the living conditions of people. mend the real nations are enjoying the benefits of a strong parsimony, the developing countries are undergoing the effects which are resulting in deteriorating the state of those countries. t ernary military personnel countries already having been victimized by poverty, unemployment, gracious disobedience also capture to suffer the determine of the changing climatic conditions. Mostly trey origination countries throw off agro-based economies. The phenomenon of global warming has be interject an adversary to their crops, those crops that constitute their largest amount of export. As a result, third world countries have to import more than they can export leaving them under a morose financial burden. Michael Grubb et al 1999) This shows that the affects of global warming, that took birth due to the extensive industrial growth of 150 years have aided greatly in disabling the already crippled economy of third world countries and in fact has produced more problems for them than they can handle. sluice for the genuine countries, the climatic changes have posed rangy problems. Thus, under such circumstances, it was pivotal for the United Nations to come up with a s olution to curb these problems.The Kyoto protocol is binding on all its members and such a legally binding agreement that fathomed the harmful affects of global warming marks one of the very master(prenominal) agreements produced. Through this agreement, countries, by law, are supposed to operate on towards reducing their greenhouse gas emanations, working(a) for the global good. Important parties of the Agreement Even though the protocol has a total of 183 parties to date, the most strategic ones include United Kingdom and European Union. Russia and U. S. A are the largest creators of greenhouse gas emissions.Out of the 2, Russia has validate the treaty while the U. S. A has not. Back when the protocol had to be ap turn up around 55% of the right to votes were required (Kyoto Protocol Article 25), out of which a vote of either U. S. A or Russia was crucial. Russia thus canonical the agreement and helped put it in to effect. The United States had ratified the agreement, yet U. S. A declined, refusing to adhere to the Annex 1 and Annex 2 countries, by putting forth the argument that India and China are also potential difference greenhouse gas producers. Furthermore, it is stated that the agreement poses a threat to their economy.U. S. A has neither accepted nor rejected the agreement even though it is a signatory. However, on state level a program has been initiated entitled, regional greenhouse gas initiative (Regional greenhouse gas initiative, 2006). The following states are participants Maine, vernal York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, representing around 46 million people. Around 80 cities from 50 states are working towards ratifying the Kyoto Protocol (Mayors Climate protection centre, 2008).Attempts at convincing the government are also being carried out at student level, as students have initiated a motion as swell termed as Kyoto Now. One of the major supporters of the protocol is t he European Union. The EU produces around 22% of the worldwide greenhouse gas production and is now committed to reducing the greenhouse gas production (Energy indemnity of the European Union, 2002). Denmark, for example, is alone working towards fall 21% of its greenhouse gas emanations.In fact, the European commissions guts in 2007 announced the formation of a European Union Energy Policy which corporal a 20% cutback in greenhouse gas emissions. By 2020 The EU has also placed fine on countries failing to adhere to the reduction target. The European Union has been an ardent supporter of the Kyoto Protocol and is working towards negotiating with other hard-to-convince nations. (Michael Grubb et al 1999) The United Kingdom is also a strong supporter of the Kyoto Protocol. Its energy policy fully supports descend in carbon dioxide production.While the United Kingdom has cut back a sizable amount of greenhouse gas reduction yet it needs to work on towards cutting back on the incr ease in the net carbon dioxide emanations. A draft by the name of Climate Change Bill was in print, which advocated the reduction of 60%, with a beginners target of 26% to 32%, of the carbon dioxide levels (Department for environment, food and rural affairs, 2007). If this bear down is approved, the United Kingdom will emerge as the first country to integrate such a strong target in to the energy policy, or else the law.Result of the Agreement The Kyoto protocol has earned twain positive and ostracise comments. While its advocates consider the agreement to be a historical step towards curbing the threat of global warming caused due to human activities. Critics argue that the protocol would just result in a 5% decrease in global greenhouse gas production and that this is not a considerable amount of reduction. As quoted by inter governmental panel on climate change, a decrease of 50-60% is required otherwise the world will face a global increase of 3 degree Celsius in its tempera ture.Thus, critics argue that the targets set by the UNFCCC are inadequate. (Michael Grubb et al 1999) Another argument put forth by the opposition of the agreement is that, not all countries are participating in this agreement. For example, U. S. A one of the worlds largest creator of greenhouse gas emanation, has not ratified the treaty. Furthermore, china is termed under Annex 2 of developing countries even though it is the second biggest producer of these emissions. India is also included in the same key out while the production of the greenhouse gases exceeds even those of the industrialized nations.Therefore, critics argue that with such a limited community from countries, the Kyoto protocol can not be counted up on to achieve the reduction in greenhouse gases to curb the threats of global warming. While the protocol might be considered a first step towards addressing this problem, it does not according to the opposition present a create cut and effective framework that can be counted up on to curb the problem. Economic constraints have also been addressed by both the mesmerism and the opposition of the agreement. Critics argue that the protocol would do more harm than good.The argument put forth is that countries would have a negative impact on their economy for different companies would be required to come up with new, climate-friendly technologies and solutions and the cost of these technologies might force some companies to shut down. Another argument brought in to the limelight is that due to the protocol the tax payers and customers would have to pay a higher amount of tax in order to aid the government in working towards the reduction of greenhouse gases for example the assertion of strict rules.Furthermore, it is argued that the nationals of the developed countries might be forced to spend more and might be forced to practice a superior standard of living. However, it mustiness be sight that the protocol does provide cures for short-term e conomic problems. The instruments of Emissions trading, Joint implementation, and clean development advocate the cause of the protocol yet also allow countries not to eff a considerable amount of change in their economy abruptly.Countries can take up their time revolutionizing their existing sector while working for the benefit of the global community by reducing emissions alongside. Furthermore, those markets that work with collaboration and work towards producing environment friendly products and service will adjust quickly to the new economic environment and in the long run would be a lot more successful. However, besides all these arguments no one can refute the Copernican step taken back in 1997 in Brazil with regards to the imminent threat of global warming.While the Kyoto protocol may not be right on path to assemble the targets of diminishing greenhouse gas emanation, it is still on track. The fulfillment of this protocol, specifically by the developed countries mentioned in Annex 1 would advocate other such steps to be taken under stricter conditions. Also, nations by proving themselves capable of having reduced their greenhouse gas emissions can work towards conferring with developing countries to lend a helping hand in curbing this global threat.By commencing the journey with possible and small goals, the global community can work towards achieving larger targets. Even if the countries that have ratified the agreement staunchly follow the route to reducing the greenhouse gases, change can be achieved. Efforts at national level will act as a catalyst for change. Thus, it would be highly unfair to reject the significance of the Kyoto protocol, for it is a bold first step taken towards preserving the environment.What can serve as some other plausible technique for reducing those harmful emissions is by switching over to renewable resources and minimizing the usage of fossil fuels. The smoldering of fossil fuels produces harmful pollutants in to th e atmosphere. These by products can stay mortal in to the atmosphere and along with affecting the ozone also affect the respiratory organs of the human beings, resulting in causing disastrous asthma attacks. From land mining to burning of burn in a coal mine to fossil oil spills, the impact on the atmosphere have proved to be fatal in the past.Thus, in order to combat climate change the first step countries should take is the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy. Also, by increasing the green belts in the world, we can work towards saving the environment. Deforestation has a highly negative impact on the environment as well as the climate. The effects of disforestation include terra firma erosion, temperature extremes, increase in deserts all alter greatly to the observable fact of global warming. Therefore it is crucial that deforestation be stopped. Of course ceasing deforestation is not the only solution.Reforestation should be encouraged. This is an act that can be carried out at exclusive level as well thus governments should try and engrave the importance of a substantial green belt in helping limit the phenomenon of global warming and working towards a safe environment. We must no longer think of human proficiency as a matter of imposing ourselves on the natural environment. The worldthe climate and all living things is a closed system what we do has consequences that last will come back to affect us. (Woods old salt Research Center, 2008)